Geophysical Mapping: Problem Details Problem Name: Earthquakes / paleoseismology Problem Type: Natural Hazards Assigned Methods: + Ground penetrating radar (surface-based) Electromagnetic Methods + Ground penetrating radar - Borehole tomography Electromagnetic Methods + Passive seismic monitoring Seismic Techniques + Seismic noise measurements Seismic Techniques + Shallow Water Seismics - Lake Seismics Seismic Techniques + Vertical seismic profiling (VSP) Seismic Techniques 0 Borehole imaging, Structure logging Borehole Methods 0 Refraction seismic tomography (surface-based) Seismic Techniques 0 Seismic crosshole tomography Seismic Techniques 0 Shallow reflection seismics Seismic Techniques 0 Standard refraction seismics Seismic Techniques 0 Very-high resolution reflection seismics Seismic Techniques    '+' = Technique applicable; '0' = Application possible/limited use